Skin Allergies

Skin irritants are everywhere, and in the right circumstances, they can cause allergic reactions. Most skin allergies aren't life-threatening. However, some conditions can be fatal if they aren't treated quickly. In fact, according to the American Academy of Emergency Medicine, 5 to 8 percent of emergency department visits are related to dermatologic problems.

That said, even minor cases of skin allergies can affect a patient's confidence, making it difficult to enjoy time out with friends and family. Our immunologists can help you.

What are Some Common Types of Skin Allergies?

The four most common skin allergic conditions include:

• Hives - an outbreak of swollen, pale red bumps on the skin.
• Angioedema - a swelling of the lower layer of skin, often associated with the development of hives.
• Contact Dermatitis - a red, itchy rash caused by direct contact with an allergen.
• Atopic Eczema - a condition that makes the skin red and itchy, which can be "flared up" and worsened by certain allergens.

What are Hives and Angioedema?

Hives (urticaria) are itchy patches of raised bumps - sometimes called wheals - on the skin. They range from being freckle-sized to several inches long, stretching across on the outer layer of the skin.

Angioedema also results in hive-like swellings, except these occur in deep inner layers of skin.

Both are a result of an allergic reaction in which skin cells release antibodies to fight an allergen that is perceived as a threat. It can be painful and disabling, particularly if they occur on the palms or on the soles of the feet.

Both hives and angioedema are primarily caused by food allergies. Other secondary causes include infections, exposure to heat or cold, aspirin substitutes such as Ibuprofen, and food preservatives. Some people may have swellings for as long as six months without being able to find the trigger. Antihistamines are the first-line for treatment for hives and angioedema.

What is Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

Contact dermatitis causes your skin to be inflamed because of an allergic reaction to certain chemicals. The most frequent causes are fragrances, preservatives, antibacterials, and emulsifying agents/emollients. Contact dermatitis frequently presents on the thighs and legs among older patients. For younger patients, it is commonly found on the hands and face. Topical corticosteroids are the primary form of treatment. Immune-modulating treatments - such as calcineurin inhibitors, pimecrolimus, and tacrolimus - are also helpful in moderating the extent and intensity of dermatitis.

What is an Atopic Eczema?

Atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) is an itchy inflammatory skin condition characterized by poorly defined redness accompanied by swelling, scratch marks and sometimes weeping and skin thickening. House dust mites and food allergies are the allergens commonly associated with eczema.

How Can I Prevent Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

You will need these tips and advice on triggers:

• Always wash your hands! This will cut down on the spread of the allergen. Washing the affected area will also help relieve symptoms such as itching.
• Don't use any industrial solvents or industrial cleaning agents to clean your skin.
• Wash your mattress and all soft furnishings often, and take the time to clean your floors and carpeting. Use a high-filtration vacuum cleaner with filters capable of retaining a high proportion of the smallest particles.
• Choose hypoallergenic, unscented, uncolored products, which are gentle on your skin and your environment.

What Tests Are Done to Detect Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

Your allergist will try to determine what substances you are allergic to by doing any or all of the following tests:

• Skin Testing. This involves placing a small amount of the suspected allergy-causing substance on a patient's skin. The skin is then observed for signs of reaction like redness, swelling, and itching.
• Patch Testing. During this test, a small piece of paper, tape or cup is dampened with a dilute solution or suspension of allergy material. It is then is applied to the skin of the upper back or upper outer arm. After 48 hours the previously covered area is compared with the uncovered surface.
• Intradermal Skin Test. This is the most commonly used allergy testing method for adults. Usually, multiple allergens are tested at one time. A grid is drawn on the patient's back, outer posterior arm or inner forearm, and many different substances are introduced into the skin. Most responses to this form of testing can be seen in less than an hour.

If you are experiencing skin-related allergies or incremental allergic symptoms, please contact our offices or request an appointment online. Our dedicated team of allergy experts would be happy to help you care for your skin and your health.